This handbook has been written to give you the basic information and instructions for the correct choice and installation of IVECO marine Diesel engines. The get the best performance and longest life from your engine you must install it correctly.The information about the hulls and the propellers are provided as general guidelines for their applications in relation to the choice and installation of the engine.
The content of this publication does not replace the expertise and work of marine designers and engineers who have the full responsibility for the choice of the boat engine. Further and more detailed information about the characteristics of IVECO engines can be found in the specific publications. Every information included in this Installation Handbook is correct at the time of approval for printing. IVECO reserves the right to make changes without prior notice, at any time, for technical or commercial reasons or possible adaptations to the laws of the different Countries and declines any responsibility for possible errors or omissions.
General installation criteria
As an introduction to this Handbook, reference must be made to the following basic installation criteria:
- choose the engine which is most suitable for the hull according to the power, torque and rpm requirements and considering the type of use and the environmental conditions for the engine operation (temperature, humidity, altitude)
- connect the engine to the driven elements (reducer-inverter, propeller and relevant axis, auxiliary organs, etc.) in the correct way, bearing in mind the problems linked to the drive and the resulting vibrations
- choose the sea water circuit or the possible keel cooling system of the right size
- adjust the size of the engine compartment or the engine room to facilitate access to the engine and the connected parts, both for ordinary maintenance operations and possible repairing operations
- foresee the suitable air intake needed for the engine combustion and fundamental for the engine room ventilation (clean, fresh, without water)
- get the fuel system dimensioned and positioned correctly
Laws and regulations
The IVECO marine engines are designed and manufactured in compliance with the laws in force and are approved by the main Classification Bodies. As the subject is particularly complex, it is always necessary to make reference to the specific laws of each country which can regulate the different aspects of this subject in different ways, especially:
- the limitations to gas and noise emissions
- the restrictions to the installed power for the operation in dangerous areas
- the engine characteristics to meet the requirements of particular electrical systems and safetydevices.
ENGINE
Before analysing the main characteristics of the engine relevant for its choice and suitability for the boat and the connection to the engine elements, we believe it is useful to identify the names of the engine components.
- Comburent air filter
- Suction manifold with electrical pre-heater possibility
- Union flange of “Riser” or “stack” for gas exhaust
- Lifting eyebolts or grommets
- Oil fill-in plug
- Coolant reservoir
- Coolant fill-in plug
- Exhaust manifold cooled down by coolant fluid
- Thermostatic valve for engine coolant
- Pipe exchanger for coolant/water sea
- Auxiliary organ control pulley
- Engine support bracket
- Sacrificial anodes
- Sea water suction
- Lubricating oil draining plug - 16. Heat exchanger for air/sea water
- Sea water pump
- Electric starter motor
- Rev reducer for sea water pump
- Fuel inlet/outlet pipe unions
- Fuel filter
- Fuel temperature sensor.
Piston displacement
The element which best distinguishes the engine is the “overall piston displacement” which represents
the total volume of air moved by the pistons during one complete turn of the drive shaft. It represents also the theoretical quantity of air sucked by the cylinders during 2 revolutions of the drive shaft. It is given by the formula:
Real average pressure
It is the average value of the pressure inside the cylinders during the different operating phases of the engine. It increases during the combustion phase and decreases during the exhaust and suction phases. It is possible to consider it as an indicator of the engine stress since it represents the work done per displacement unit. The real average pressure generates the driving torque and therefore the engine power:
With these formulas you obtain that:
- the power is the linear function of the real average pressure and of the engine rotation speed;
- with the same power and the same number of rpm, the engines with a higher piston displacement are subject to a lower real average pressure
The power needed for a boat propulsion requires, if the operating rpm number is the same, the appropriate consideration about the engine to be used: an engine with a higher piston displacement is subject to a lighter mechanical load as shown by a lower value of the real average pressure and therefore it will be possible to use it for heavy duties compared to the engine with a lower piston displacement.
Driving torque
It represents the thrust impressed by a piston through the connecting rod on the crank arm of the drive shaft. It can be defined as the “rotating force” available to the engine flywheel; it depends on the real average pressure and is strongly influenced by the volumetric efficiency of the engine, i.e. from its capacity to suck as much air as possible. Other important factors to obtain a high driving torque and therefore power are the correct fuel intake and the perfect injection system setting.